Kutumiza kwamagetsi a Ultra-high-voltage ku China

Kutumiza kwamagetsi a Ultra-high-voltage (UHV magetsi transmission) akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ku China kuyambira 2009 kutumiza magetsi osinthana (AC) ndi apano (DC) pamtunda wautali wolekanitsa mphamvu zaku China ndi ogula. Kukula kwa mphamvu zonse za AC ndi DC kukupitilizabe kuti zigwirizane ndi m'badwo ndi zomwe anthu amadya ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa kufalitsa. Kuwongoka kwa decarbonization kudzabwera chifukwa cholowa m'malo mwa njira zochepetsera mphamvu, zomwe zili pafupi ndi gombe, ndi kutulutsa kwamakono kwamphamvu kokhala ndi kuwononga pang'ono pafupi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi.

Mbiri

Kuyambira 2004, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magetsi ku China kwakhala kukukulirakulira kuposa kale lonse chifukwa chakukula kwachangu kwa mafakitale. Kuperewera kwakukulu kwa zinthu mu 2005 kudakhudza magwiridwe antchito amakampani ambiri aku China. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, dziko la China laika ndalama zambiri pamagetsi kuti likwaniritse zofunikira zamafakitale ndichifukwa chake chuma chikukula. Kuthekera kwa m'badwo wokhazikitsidwa kumachokera ku 443 GW kumapeto kwa 2004 mpaka 793 GW kumapeto kwa 2008. Kuwonjezeka kwa zaka zinayi izi ndi kofanana ndi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mphamvu zonse za United States, kapena 1.4 nthawi zonse za Japan.Pa nthawi yomweyi, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwapachaka kwakweranso kuchokera ku TW2, TW2h mpaka 1937, TW2h. Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kukuyembekezeka kufika pa 6,800–6,900 TWh pofika 2018 kuchokera pa 4,690 TWh mu 2011, ndi mphamvu yoyika yofikira 1,463 GW kuchokera pa 1,056 GW mu 2011, pomwe 342 GW ndi mphamvu yamadzi, 928 GW, nyukiliya ya 103G, nyukiliya ya malasha ndi 4003G 40GW Natural gas.China ndiye dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi logwiritsa ntchito magetsi mu 2011.

Kutumiza ndi kugawa

Kumbali ya kufalitsa ndi kugawa, dziko lino layang'ana kwambiri pakukulitsa mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kutayika ndi:

1. kutumiza mtunda wautali-high-voltage direct current (UHVDC) ndi ultra-high-voltage alternating current (UHVAC) transmission

2.kukhazikitsa ma transfoma achitsulo amorphous apamwamba kwambiri

Kufalikira kwa UHV padziko lonse lapansi

Kutumiza kwa UHV ndi mabwalo angapo a UHVAC amangidwa kale kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, makilomita 2,362 a mabwalo a 1,150 kV anamangidwa ku USSR yakale, ndipo makilomita 427 a ma circuit 1,000 kV AC apangidwa ku Japan (Kita-Iwaki powerline). Mizere yoyesera ya masikelo osiyanasiyana imapezekanso m'maiko ambiri. Komabe, mizere yambiriyi ikugwira ntchito pamagetsi otsika chifukwa chosowa mphamvu zokwanira kapena zifukwa zina. Pali zitsanzo zochepa za UHVDC. Ngakhale kuti padziko lonse lapansi pali ma ± 500 kV (kapena m'munsi), mabwalo okhawo omwe amagwira ntchito pamwamba pa chigawochi ndi makina otumizira magetsi a Hydro-Québec pa 735 kV AC (kuyambira 1965, 11 422 km kutalika mu 2018) ndi polojekiti ya Itaipu ± 600 kV ku Brazil. Ku Russia, ntchito yomanga pamzere wa 2400 km wautali wa bipolar ± 750 kV DC, HVDC Ekibastuz-Center idayamba mu 1978 koma siyinathe. Ku USA kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 chingwe chamagetsi cha 1333 kV chinakonzedwa kuchokera ku Celilo Converter Station kupita ku Hoover Dam. Pachifukwa ichi chingwe chamagetsi chachifupi choyesera pafupi ndi Celilo Converter Station chinamangidwa, koma mzere wopita ku Hoover Dam sunamangidwe.

Zifukwa zopatsira UHV ku China

Lingaliro la China lopita kukatumiza UHV kutengera kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zili kutali ndi malo onyamula katundu. Zambiri mwazinthu zopangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi zili kumadzulo, ndipo malasha ali kumpoto chakumadzulo, koma kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera kuli katundu wambiri. Kuchepetsa kutayika kwa kufalikira mpaka pamlingo wotheka, kufalitsa kwa UHV ndichisankho choyenera. Monga momwe State Grid Corporation of China idalengezera pa Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse wa 2009 wokhudza Kutumiza Mphamvu kwa UHV ku Beijing, China idzayika ndalama zokwana RMB 600 biliyoni (pafupifupi US$88 biliyoni) pakukula kwa UHV kuyambira pano mpaka 2020.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa gridi ya UHV kumathandizira kumanga nyumba zopangira magetsi zatsopano, zoyera, zaluso kwambiri kutali ndi komwe kuli anthu. Malo opangira magetsi akale m'mphepete mwa nyanja adzachotsedwa ntchito. Izi zidzachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa komwe kulipo pano, komanso kuipitsidwa ndi anthu okhala m'mizinda. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa magetsi akuluakulu apakati omwe amapereka kutentha kwamagetsi sikudetsanso kuipitsa kusiyana ndi ma boiler omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potentha m'nyengo yozizira m'mabanja ambiri akumpoto. Gululi la UHV lidzathandiza dongosolo la China la magetsi ndi decarbonization, ndikuthandizira kuphatikizika kwa mphamvu zowongokanso pochotsa botolo lotumizira lomwe likulepheretsa kukula kwa mphepo ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yadzuwa pamene magalimoto aku China akupanga msika wautali.

Maulendo a UHV amalizidwa kapena akumangidwa

Pofika mu 2021, mabwalo a UHV ogwira ntchito ndi awa:

 

Mizere yomangidwanso / pokonzekera UHV ndi:

 

Kutsutsana pa UHV

Pali mkangano ngati ntchito yomanga yomwe State Grid Corporation yaku China idapangidwa ndi njira yoti ikhale yokhazikika komanso yolimbana ndi kusintha kwa gridi yamagetsi.

Pangano la Paris lisanachitike, lomwe lidapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kothetsa malasha, mafuta ndi gasi, pakhala mikangano pa UHV kuyambira 2004 pomwe State Grid Corporation ya China idapereka lingaliro la zomangamanga za UHV. Mkanganowu wakhala ukukhazikika pa UHVAC pomwe lingaliro lomanga UHVDC lavomerezedwa ndi anthu ambiri.Nkhani zomwe zimakambidwa kwambiri ndi zinayi zomwe zalembedwa pansipa.

1. Nkhani zachitetezo ndi zodalirika: Pomanga mizere yochulukirachulukira yotumizira ma UHV, gridi yamagetsi kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi imalumikizidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri. Ngati ngozi ichitika pamzere umodzi, zimakhala zovuta kuchepetsa kukopa kudera laling'ono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwayi wa kuzimitsidwa ukukulirakulira. Komanso, zikhoza kukhala zovuta kwambiri ku uchigawenga.
   
2. Nkhani ya msika: Mizere ina yonse yotumizira ma UHV padziko lonse lapansi ikugwira ntchito pamagetsi otsika chifukwa palibe kufunikira kokwanira.Kuthekera kwa kufalikira kwakutali kumafunikira kafukufuku wozama. Ngakhale kuti chuma chambiri cha malasha chili kumpoto chakumadzulo, n’kovuta kumanga malo opangira magetsi a malasha kumeneko chifukwa amafunikira madzi ochuluka ndipo zimenezi n’zosowa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China. Komanso ndi chitukuko cha zachuma kumadzulo kwa China, kufunikira kwa magetsi kwakhala kukukulirakulira zaka izi.
3. Nkhani za chilengedwe ndi ntchito yabwino: Akatswiri ena amatsutsa kuti mizere ya UHV sipulumutsa malo ambiri poyerekeza ndi kumanga njanji zowonjezera kuti achulukitse kayendedwe ka malasha ndi kupanga magetsi m'deralo. Nkhani ina ndi kufala kwachangu. Kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kophatikizana ndi mphamvu kumapeto kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ndikosavuta kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera ku mizere yotumizira mtunda wautali.
   
4. Nkhani yazachuma: Ndalama zonse zikuyerekezeredwa kukhala 270 biliyoni RMB (pafupifupi US $ 40 biliyoni), zomwe ndi zodula kwambiri kuposa kumanga njanji yatsopano yoyendera malasha.

Monga UHV imapereka mwayi wosamutsa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa kuchokera kumadera akutali omwe ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kukhazikitsa kwakukulu kwamagetsi amphepo ndi ma photovoltaics. SGCC imatchula mphamvu ya mphepo ya 200 GW m'chigawo cha Xinjiang.

Malingaliro a kampani Sichuan D&F Electric Co.,Ltd.monga opanga otsogola a zida zotchinjiriza zamagetsi, zida zamabasi amagetsi, bala laminated basi, mipiringidzo yamkuwa yolimba komanso mabasi osinthika, ndife m'modzi mwa ogulitsa kwambiri magawo otchinjiriza ndi mipiringidzo yamabasi a laminated pama projekiti opatsirana a UHVDC aboma. Kuti mumve zambiri, chonde pitani patsamba langa kuti mumve zambiri pazogulitsa.